First up, let’s understand what ransomeware is.
Ransomware is a type of malicious software that blocks access to the victim’s data and threatens to publish or delete it until a ransom is paid. The payment is usually demanded in Bitcoin, since in helps the attacker remain anonymous and there is no chance of a chargeback.
Who can be targeted?
Just about anyone can be targeted. Most of the times intentionally, sometimes unintentionally. It can happen to someone in Kashmir or the United States, organisations or individuals, all are vulnerable.
To Kashmiri internet users it can usually happen by downloading ransomware payloads disguised as free mp3 songs or apk files or other supposedly free stuff. This kind of infection is not targeted in nature, it can well be the handiwork of a script kiddie.
How ransomware works?
That’s a hard question as it varies from one version of ransomeware to another. But all of them follow a basic game plan. I will divide it into 5 phases below:
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Phase 1: Exploitation and Infection (T –00:00)
In order for an attack to be successful, the malicious ransomware file needs to execute on a computer. This is often done through a phishing email or an exploit kit. In the case of the CryptoLocker malware, the Angler Exploit Kit is a preferred method to gain execution.
Phase 2: Delivery and Execution (T –00:05)
During this phase, the actual ransomware executables are delivered to the victim’s system. Upon execution, persistence mechanisms will be put into place.
Phase 3: Backup Spoliation (T –00:10)
A few seconds later, the ransomware targets the backup files and folders on the victim’s system and removes them to prevent restoring from backup. This is unique to ransomware—other types of crimeware don’t bother to delete backup files.
Phase 4: File Encryption (T –02:00)
Once the backups are completely removed, the malware will perform a secure key exchange with the command and control (C2) server, establishing those encryption keys that will be used on the local system.
Phase 5: User Notification and Cleanup (T –15:00)
With the backup files removed and the encryption dirty work done, the demand instructions for extortion and payment are presented. Quite often, the victim is given a few days to pay. After that time, the ransom increases.
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Finally, like the Mission Impossible recordings that self destruct, the malware cleans itself off the system so as not to leave behind significant forensic evidence that would help to build better defenses against the malware.
Ransomware attacks are just starting to ramp up. Because these attacks are so lucrative for the perpetrators, they are certain to become more common, more damaging and more expensive.
Your success in defending against a ransomware attack is largely dependent on your level of preparation and the tools you deploy to monitor your systems to detect, respond to and neutralize suspicious activity.
Now, you have a basic understanding. You can follow the tips below to have a certain degree of defence against ransomware:
1. Back up your data
The single biggest thing that will defeat ransomware is having a regularly updated backup. If you are attacked with ransomware you may lose that document you started earlier this morning, but if you can restore your system to an earlier snapshot or clean up your machine and restore your other lost documents from backup, you can rest easy. Remember that ransomware typically will also encrypt files on drives that are mapped. This includes any external drives such as a USB thumb drive, as well as any network or cloud file stores that you have assigned a drive letter. So, what you need is a regular backup regimen, to an external drive or backup service, one that is not assigned a drive letter or is disconnected when it is not doing backup.
The next three tips are meant to deal with how ransomware has been behaving – this may not be the case forever, but these tips can help increase your overall security in small ways that help prevent against a number of different common malware techniques.
2. Show hidden file-extensions
One way that ransomware frequently arrives is in a file that is named with the extension “.PDF.EXE”, counting on Window’s default behavior of hiding known file-extensions. If you re-enable the ability to see the full file-extension, it can be easier to spot suspicious files.
3. Filter EXEs in email
If your gateway mail scanner has the ability to filter files by extension, you may wish to deny mails sent with “.EXE” files, or to deny mails sent with files that have two file extensions, the last one being executable (“*.*.EXE” files, in filter-speak). If you do legitimately need to exchange executable files within your environment and are denying emails with “.EXE” files, you can do so with ZIP files (password-protected, of course) or via cloud services.
4. Disable files running from AppData/LocalAppData folders
You can create rules within Windows or with Intrusion Prevention Software, to disallow a particular, notable behavior used by ransomware, which is to run its executable from the App Data or Local App Data folders. If (for some reason) you have legitimate software that you know is set to run not from the usual Program Files area but the App Data area, you will need to exclude it from this rule.
5. Use the ransomware Prevention Kit
The ransomware Prevention Kit is a tool created by Third Tier that automates the process of making a Group Policy to disable files running from the App Data and Local App Data folders, as well as disabling executable files from running from the Temp directory of various unzipping utilities. This tool is updated as new techniques are discovered for ransomware, so you will want to check in periodically to make sure you have the latest version. If you need to create exemptions to these rules, they provide this document that explains that process.
6. Disable RDP
The ransomware/Filecoder malware often accesses target machines using Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP), a Windows utility that allows others to access your desktop remotely. If you do not require the use of RDP, you can disable RDP to protect your machine from Filecoder and other RDP exploits. For instructions to do so, visit the appropriate Microsoft Knowledge Base article below:
7. Patch or Update your software
These next two tips are more general malware-related advice, which applies equally to ransomware as to any malware threat. Malware authors frequently rely on people running outdated software with known vulnerabilities, which they can exploit to silently get onto your system. It can significantly decrease the potential for ransomware-pain if you make a practice of updating your software often. Some vendors release security updates on a regular basis (Microsoft and Adobe both use the second Tuesday of the month), but there are often “out-of-band” or unscheduled updates in case of emergency. Enable automatic updates if you can, or go directly to the software vendor’s website, as malware authors like to disguise their creations as software update notifications too.
8. Use a reputable security suite
It is always a good idea to have both anti-malware software and a software firewall to help you identify threats or suspicious behavior. Malware authors frequently send out new variants, to try to avoid detection, so this is why it is important to have both layers of protection. And at this point, most malware relies on remote instructions to carry out their misdeeds. If you run across a ransomware variant that is so new that it gets past anti-malware software, it may still be caught by a firewall when it attempts to connect with its Command and Control (C&C) server to receive instructions for encrypting your files.
If you find yourself in a position where you have already run a ransomware file without having performed any of the previous precautions, your options are quite a bit more limited. But all may not be lost. There are a few things you can do that might help mitigate the damage, particularly if the ransomware in question is ransomware:
9. Disconnect from WiFi or unplug from the network immediately
If you run a file that you suspect may be ransomware, but you have not yet seen the characteristic ransomware screen, if you act very quickly you might be able to stop communication with the C&C server before it finish encrypting your files. If you disconnect yourself from the network immediately (have I stressed enough that this must be done right away?), you might mitigate the damage. It takes some time to encrypt all your files, so you may be able to stop it before it succeeds in garbling them all. This technique is definitely not foolproof, and you might not be sufficiently lucky or be able to move more quickly than the malware, but disconnecting from the network may be better than doing nothing.
10. Use System Restore to get back to a known-clean state
If you have System Restore enabled on your Windows machine, you might be able to take your system back to a known-clean state. But, again, you have to out-smart the malware. Newer versions of ransomware can have the ability to delete “Shadow” files from System Restore, which means those files will not be there when you try to to replace your malware-damaged versions. ransomware will start the deletion process whenever an executable file is run, so you will need to move very quickly as executables may be started as part of an automated process. That is to say, executable files may be run without you knowing, as a normal part of your Windows system’s operation.
11. Set the BIOS clock back
Most ransomware has a payment timer that is generally set to 72 hours, after which time the price for your decryption key goes up significantly. (The price may vary as Bitcoin has a fairly volatile value. At the time of writing the initial price was .5 Bitcoin or $300, which then goes up to 4 Bitcoin) You can “beat the clock” somewhat, by setting the BIOS clock back to a time before the 72 hour window is up. I give this advice reluctantly, as all it can do is keep you from having to pay the higher price, and I strongly advise that you do not pay the ransom. Paying the criminals may get your data back, but there have been plenty of cases where the decryption key never arrived or where it failed to properly decrypt the files. Plus, it encourages criminal behavior! Ransoming anything is not a legitimate business practice, and the malware authors are under no obligation to do as promised – they can take your money and provide nothing in return, because there is no backlash if the criminals fail to deliver.
Bound by blood. 